The Synagogue on Bolshaya Bronnaya was originally part of the city estate of the financier Lazar Polyakov, who received permission to convert it into a synagogue in 1883. Up until 1906, when the Moscow Choral Synagogue was opened, the Synagogue on Bolshaya Bronnaya was the main synagogue in the city. In 1937 the synagogue was closed and its rabbi was executed. In the 1950s the building was given over to the Moscow House of Amateur Dramatics. Finally in 1991 the building was returned to Moscow's Hasidic Jewish community and the synagogue was reopened after restoration work was carried out. As part of the work a new tinted-glass façade and a dome in the shape of the Star of David were added. The 'Regional Centre in Remembrance of Jews Innocently Murdered in the 20th Century' was also established at the synagogue. Security is tight here and for good reason: in 1993 an incendiary device was thrown into the building, in 1999 a bomb was discovered inside, in 2003 another bomb attempt was made and in 2006 a knife-wielding maniac stabbed eight people inside the synagogue.

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