When St Feodor founded the Simonov Monastery in 1370 it was located where the Nativity of the Virgin Mary Church at Stary Simonov now stands. The warrior-monks Aleksandr Peresvet and Andrey (Rodion) Oslyabya, who died in single combat at the Battle of Kulikovo Field in 1380, were buried here. The current church was built between 1509 and 1510 as a traditional pillar-less structure with a single dome. In 1787 a stone vestibule and bell tower were added. In 1928 the church was closed and in 1932 the bell tower was destroyed and metal monuments to Peresvet and Oslyabya were melted down. The church later became part of a factory, until 1987 when it was turned into a museum and a walkway to it was created. The church was returned to the Orthodox Church in 1989 and in 2006 its bell tower was rebuilt featuring a bell named Peresvet. The church's territory also has a monument to Peresvet and Oslyabya designed by the sculptor Vyacheslav Klykov.