This station is named after the Kievsky Railway Station which is located above. The theme of its decorations is the history of Ukraine and the friendship between the Russian and Ukrainian people. The station's 18 pillars are decorated with mosaics made out of smalt. Themes of these mosaics include: Pushkin in Ukraine, Public Celebrations in Kiev, Liberation of Kiev by Soviet Troops in 1943, the Battle of Poltava, Fireworks in Moscow on 9 May 1945, and Friendship between Russian and Ukrainian Kolkhoz Workers.

The station originally contained the highest concentration of Stalin portraits - five in total. At the end of the station there was a large mosaic of Stalin and Lenin but this has since been replaced with a small portrait of Lenin. The station was opened in 1954.