In 1886 the leader of Moscow's Jewish community, Lazar Polyakov, brought land just outside Kitai-Gorod to build a synagogue. The synagogue was built there between 1887 and 1891, but it was only opened in 1906 after restrictions were lifted on minority religions. The synagogue remained opened throughout the Soviet years, although some of its buildings were confiscated. Restoration work started in 2001 and was completed in 2006 in the run up for the 100th anniversary. Opposite to the synagogue is a symbolic reconstruction of the Wailing Wall.

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